golang rsa 公钥解密

发布时间:2024-10-02 19:41:49

公钥加密算法是一种常用的非对称加密算法,它通常用于数据传输和数字签名。在Go语言中,内置的crypto/rsa包提供了一套完整的RSA算法实现,开发者可以方便地使用该包进行公钥加密和解密操作。

生成RSA密钥对

在进行RSA公钥解密之前,首先需要生成一对密钥,其中包括一个公钥和一个私钥。可以使用crypto/rsa包的GenerateKey函数来生成RSA密钥对:

```go package main import ( "crypto/rand" "crypto/rsa" "crypto/x509" "encoding/pem" "fmt" "os" ) func generateRSAKeyPair() error { privKey, err := rsa.GenerateKey(rand.Reader, 2048) if err != nil { return err } privKeyBytes := x509.MarshalPKCS1PrivateKey(privKey) privKeyPEM := pem.EncodeToMemory(&pem.Block{ Type: "RSA PRIVATE KEY", Bytes: privKeyBytes, }) err = os.WriteFile("private.pem", privKeyPEM, 0644) if err != nil { return err } pubKeyBytes, err := x509.MarshalPKIXPublicKey(&privKey.PublicKey) if err != nil { return err } pubKeyPEM := pem.EncodeToMemory(&pem.Block{ Type: "RSA PUBLIC KEY", Bytes: pubKeyBytes, }) err = os.WriteFile("public.pem", pubKeyPEM, 0644) if err != nil { return err } fmt.Println("RSA key pair generated successfully") return nil } func main() { err := generateRSAKeyPair() if err != nil { fmt.Println("Failed to generate RSA key pair:", err) } } ```

加载公钥和私钥

在进行加密和解密操作之前,需要加载之前生成的公钥和私钥。可以使用crypto/rsa包的LoadPrivateKey和LoadPublicKey函数来加载密钥:

```go package main import ( "crypto/rsa" "crypto/x509" "encoding/pem" "fmt" "io/ioutil" ) func loadPrivateKey(privateKeyPath string) (*rsa.PrivateKey, error) { privKeyPEM, err := ioutil.ReadFile(privateKeyPath) if err != nil { return nil, err } block, _ := pem.Decode(privKeyPEM) privKey, err := x509.ParsePKCS1PrivateKey(block.Bytes) if err != nil { return nil, err } return privKey, nil } func loadPublicKey(publicKeyPath string) (*rsa.PublicKey, error) { pubKeyPEM, err := ioutil.ReadFile(publicKeyPath) if err != nil { return nil, err } block, _ := pem.Decode(pubKeyPEM) pubKey, err := x509.ParsePKIXPublicKey(block.Bytes) if err != nil { return nil, err } return pubKey.(*rsa.PublicKey), nil } func main() { privateKeyPath := "private.pem" publicKeyPath := "public.pem" privKey, err := loadPrivateKey(privateKeyPath) if err != nil { fmt.Println("Failed to load private key:", err) return } pubKey, err := loadPublicKey(publicKeyPath) if err != nil { fmt.Println("Failed to load public key:", err) return } fmt.Println("RSA keys loaded successfully") } ```

RSA公钥解密

当我们拥有了私钥(private.pem)和对应的加密数据时,可以使用私钥进行解密操作。使用crypto/rsa包的DecryptPKCS1v15函数来进行RSA公钥解密:

```go package main import ( "crypto/rand" "crypto/rsa" "crypto/x509" "encoding/pem" "fmt" "io/ioutil" ) func loadPrivateKey(privateKeyPath string) (*rsa.PrivateKey, error) { // ... func rsaDecrypt(ciphertext []byte, privateKey *rsa.PrivateKey) ([]byte, error) { plainText, err := rsa.DecryptPKCS1v15(rand.Reader, privateKey, ciphertext) if err != nil { return nil, err } return plainText, nil } func main() { privateKeyPath := "private.pem" privKey, err := loadPrivateKey(privateKeyPath) if err != nil { fmt.Println("Failed to load private key:", err) return } ciphertext, err := ioutil.ReadFile("encrypted.txt") if err != nil { fmt.Println("Failed to read ciphertext:", err) return } plainText, err := rsaDecrypt(ciphertext, privKey) if err != nil { fmt.Println("Failed to decrypt ciphertext:", err) return } fmt.Println("Decrypted plaintext:", string(plainText)) } ```

通过以上的步骤,我们就可以轻松地进行RSA公钥解密操作了。RSA公钥加密算法具有较高的安全性和可靠性,适用于对数据进行保护和签名验证等场景,是现代加密技术中的重要组成部分。

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